|
|||
search engine by freefind |
In 1598
Henry IV of France issued the Edict Of Nantes. This was intended to
guarantee the liberty of worship principally for non - conformists such
as the Huguenots. By 1628 the Huguenots had lost much of their
political power and it had become impossible to hold on to any official
positions. The flight of refugees had begun.
Louis XIV
revoked the Edict in 1685 causing a deteriorating loss of social and
economic power. Many families were dispossessed, lost their homes, or
were forced to house the soldiers (the Dragonades ) at their own
expense. Some Huguenots settled temporarily in more sympathetic areas
of France. Many of the early refugees were from northern France and the
Low Countries. In 1685 many Huguenot refugees were from western and
southern France and comprised assorted social groups, including
farmers. It is estimated that there were some 250,000 refugees of which
about 50,000 came to England
As with any
large-scale flight of refugees, documentary evidence can be hard to
trace. For differing reasons, the oppressed and the oppressors would
have tried to destroy evidence of existence. Names would change and
limited literacy would create errors in recording information. Phonetic
changes may have occurred such as GAUBERT being altered to GOBERT. Some
families, in order to protect their former businesses and property,
left one guardian member behind. This person would have had to publicly renounce
his faith. A sudden 'break' in the continuity of the known family tree
is a frequent event in many Huguenot families. The GAUBERTs are no
exception.
What is
remarkable about the Huguenots is the combination of exceptional skills
that they brought with them and their willingness to assimilate into a
new society. Although they had the advantage of a common religion with
their new hosts, separating them from most other refugee invasions,
they had to contend with prejudice that sprang from economic jealousy
and the usual national intolerance towards foreigners. The evidence of
their contribution to British society was dramatically demonstrated a
few years ago with the Barbican exhibition and accompanying book
– ‘ The Quiet Conquest ‘. Whatever their
individual characteristics, collectively they strove to survive and
succeed without vociferous demands from within. It is this that marked
them out from contemporary and subsequent refugee groups.
Although
some of today’s Gauberts may be francophiles I suspect that
it is due more to current cultural preferences, largely through
gastronomy and travel, than to any deep-seated remnant ideology for the
‘homeland‘. In our assimilation we have become as
'British' and contemptuous of 'Johnny
Foreigner' as the natives.
Further
research regarding the Huguenots, can be located at the following web
page
Roots web lists the names of the Foreign Refugees who settled in Great Britain
and Ireland before the reign of Louis XIV, (1643) of France; and their
descendants, it also covers the period up to 1714. The only reference
relevant to the Gauberts is an entry for Garrick Gaston Gaubert listed as a foreign refugee who settled in Great Britain and Ireland
between 1643-1714.
date | event |
after 1525 John Calvin led
Protestant Reformation in France and Switzerland |
|
1535 | Edict banning all heretics in France. First refugees leave France |
1536 | Publication of Tyndale and Coverdale Bible in English in Hamburg |
1540 | First substantial Huguenot settlements in Kent and Susex, England |
1545 | Protestants massacred in 22 French towns. Protestantism established officially in England. Increased immigration of Huguenots to Kent, especially Canterbury. Large groups of French Huguenots began escaping to the Channel Islands |
1550 | Temple of Jesus licensed, earliest foreign Protestant Church in London. Church of St. Anthony's Hospital in Threadneedle Street, London, given to French Huguenots |
1551 | June 27th Edict of Chateaubriand placed severe restrictions on Protestants, including loss of one-third of property to informers and confiscation of all property of those who left France. "Heretical" books were forbidden or censored. Dispersion of London Protestants; persecution of English Protestants begins. |
1561 | July - Royal edict authorizes imprisonment and confiscation of property upon all who attend any "heretical" (non - Roman Catholic) public or private worship service. Beginning of a new influx of refugees to Kent from Low Countries, Picardy, Artois and Flanders |
1562 | Jan - Royal edict of Saint-Germain recognizes new religion as legal and offers some protection. Massacre of Protestants at Vassy starts first Civil War in France over religion. Forces of Duke of Guise attacked a Protestant assembly in one of the towns of Champagne and killed some 50 to 60 worshippers. First battle of civil war at Dreux. |
1567-1568 | Huguenot thread and lace makers established in Maidstone, England. Others escaped to Cranfield in Bedfordshire and others to the shires of Oxford, Northampton and Cambridge. Huguenots established glassworks in London during this period. |
Aug 24th | St.
Bartholomew's Day Massacre
in Paris and elsewhere in France in which thousands of Huguenots were
lulled into
a sense of false safety by King Charles IX and Queen Mother Catherine
and slaughtered. The slaughter continues until October. Civil War begins. |
1572 | Huguenot settlement at Winchester moved to Canterbury.Truce with Huguenots in France |
1598 | April 13th Edict of Nantes |
1605--1613 | Several French Peace of Vervins.Death of Philip II of Spain. proclaimed returning civil and religious freedom to Protestants.So strong were Protestants in La Rochelle that Roman Catholic mass had not been said in 40 years. Huguenots, for a time, became a strong political power in France. Refugee merchants had settled in Dublin and Waterford in Ireland |
1609 | Group of Flemish Huguenots settled in Canongate, Scotland |
By 1609 French Huguenots established manufacture of cloth in north and west of England in Worcester, Evesham, Droitwich, Kidderminster, Stroud and Glastonbury and in east at Colchester, Hereford and Stamford. Colchester had 1,300 Walloon citizens by 1609. In the north of England, Huguenot establishments made coatings at Manchester, Bolton and Halifax and cloth caps and woollen stockings at Kendal. | |
1627 | King Charles I of England declared himself a friend of French Huguenots. English fleet sent to relieve Huguenots at La Rochelle, which had been under blockade by French troops under Louis XIII. Relief failed and La Rochelle fell to French troops on Oct. 8th 1628. |
Jan. 1629 | Peace of Alais ends civil war in France and Huguenots cease to exist as a political force. |
1643 | Death of Louis XIII; accession of Louis XIV. Louis XIV guarantees Edict Of Nantes. |
1654 | Beginning of Huguenot emigration on a large scale to North America |
1661 | Beginning of serious persecution of Huguenots and infringement of Edict Of Nantes. From 1661 a series of proclamations seriously restricted terms of Edict Of Nantes. Protestant schools and churches were abolished and "dragonnardes" began, billeting French troops in Huguenot homes to spy upon the inhabitants. Escaping Huguenots were welcomed in many countries of Europe -- England, Holland, Germany, Switzerland, Sweden. At one time, more French resided in Berlin than Germans. |
1678 | Attacks on Huguenots across France |
1681 | Collections made in England for needy French refugees. |
1683 | Dragonnardes organized to harass Huguenots in France |
Oct 1685 | Revocation of the Edict of Nantes by King Louis XIV. After Revocation, some 80,000 French manufacturers and workmen fled to the British Isles, bringing such industries as paper making, silk makers, tanners, furniture making, silver smithing. England became an exporter, rather than an importer of such items as velvets, satins, silks, taffetas, lace, gloves, buttons, serge cloth, beaver and felt hats, linen, ironware, cutlery, feathers, fans, girdles, pins, needles, combs, soap, vinegar and many more items manufactured by the new Huguenot citizens. |
1687 | Huguenot Relief Committee in London aided 600 Huguenots in their move to Virginia |
By
1707, 400 refugee Huguenot families
had settled in Scotland where they helped to establish the weaving trade. |